Mircea Eliade, who covered similar ground to Carl Jung, was somewhat drier as a writer. This passage from The Myth of the Eternal Return is well worth the price of admission though.
Just before the last war, the Romanian folklorist Constantin Braillou had occasion to record an admirable ballad in a village in Maramures. Its subject was a tragedy of love: the young suitor had been bewitched by a mountain fairy, and a few days before he was to be married, the fairy, driven by jealousy, had flung him from a cliff. The next day, shepherds found his body and, caught in a tree, his had. They carried the body back to the village and his fiancée came to meet them; upon seeing her lover dead, she poured out a funeral lament, full of mythological allusions, a liturgical text of rustic beauty. Such was the content of the ballad. In the course of recording the variants that he was able to collect, the folklorist tried to learn the period when the tragedy had occurred, but he was told that it was a very old story, which had happened "long ago." Pursuing his inquiries, however, he learned that the event had taken place not quite forty years earlier. He finally even discovered that the heroine was still alive. He went to see her and heard the story from her own lips. It was a quite commonplace tragedy: one evening her lover had slipped and fallen over a cliff; he had not died instantly; his cries had been heard by mountaineers; he had been carried to the village, where he had died soon after. At the funeral, his fiancée, with the other women of the village, had repeated the customary ritual lamentations, without the slightest allusion to the mountain fairy.As a species we seem to have a hunger for grandeur, which may be an innate part of our existence. So real events don't take too long to become mythic ones. There's no doubt that this can make life more exciting. Still, it also makes it easy for many people to be led astray.
2 comments:
Mircea Eliade certainly had some interesting insights, but in this case I don't see him being on the same page with Jung. Although a particular young man may have died by falling from a cliff, the tragedy and ultimate meaning of loss is universal. From what I understand about Carl Jung's beliefs about myths is that they emerge from the unconscious containing ancient truth about existence: "Myths are first and foremost psychic phenomena that reveal the nature of the soul."
Despite the fact of myths being shared by all members of a society - and essentially by all mankind - their workings are strictly personal. According to Jung, man is on a quest towards self-realization, and myths serve as clues to this process. Although every person has this quest, fulfilling it in various degrees, it is a solo venture, each man for himself.
Therefore, to Jung the myths contain messages to the individuals, not the group, no matter how many people are involved in retelling and listening to them.
Eliade seems to me to have a lot of the same interests as Jung, i.e. the collective need for myth. And both authors have a cross-cultural approach. But you're right that they can come to very different conclusions. The quote about psychic phenomena states Jung's perspective quite clearly.
In the search for self-realization, ideals are necessary. What does one find important? This I think is where the personal need for myth comes in.
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