Last night I woke up to my clock radio blaring some song, I don't remember which one. Point is, I wasn't ready to get up. I hit what I thought was the snooze bar, but it didn't have any effect. The music kept playing.
Then I opened my eyes and the radio wasn't playing. Because whatever time it was, it was still way too early for the alarm to go off. I had just dreamed that it was making a racket, trying to get me up.
Now every once in a while, I have what you might call a dream. They're really more like hypnagogic states. I'll be lying in bed and there will be some unusual stimulus, usually noise, especially loud metal clanking. And again, I'll open my eyes and it will become obvious that none of this was real.
This was kind of like that. But not really. When my eyes had been open for a minute or so, and before I rolled over and went back to sleep, I heard noises from upstairs. Talking, things falling or being knocked over, and erratic bursts of music. So while I'd been asleep, information from the world outside me had penetrated my headspace.
Protagoras deserves recognition for being.the first philosopher in Western history to explicitly address the problem of error, if only by denying its existence. For most of us, though, his position on perception is intrinsically unsatisfying (much as relativism more generally can seem frustratingly flaccid in the face of certain hard truths about the world). Plato, for one, thought it was nonsense. He noted that even a breeze must have its own internal essence, quite apart from whatever it blows o, and essentially advised Protagoras to get a thermometer. But Plato also rejected the whole notion that our senses are the original source of knowledge. Since, as I mentioned earlier, he thought our primordial souls were at one with the universe, he believed that we came to know the basic truths about the world through a form of memory. Other philosophers agreed with Protagoras that the senses are a crucial conduit of information, but, unlike him, they acknowledged that perception can fail. This seems like a reasonable position, and one we are likely to share, but it raises two related and thorny questions. First, how exactly do our senses go about acquiring information about the world? And second, how can we determine when that information is accurate and when it is not?
(Kathryn Schulz, Being Wrong: Adventures in the Margin of Error, Ecco Press/HarperCollins, 2010, pp. 55-6)
Philosophy tends to be thought of as somewhat abstract, removed from our actual lives. But epistemology, which has been the study of how we know what we know, has been of vital importance since Ancient Greek times. Philosophy has a place in the world, and is a natural activity.